Main Article Content
Abstract
This article discusses the integration and enhancement of juvenile justice systems with a focus on legal reforms. It emphasizes the need to improve national legislation on juvenile offenders by adopting international best practices and probation measures. The study highlights that existing penalties, such as fines and community service, lack sufficient educational impact and fail to prevent recidivism effectively. It proposes incorporating probation measures to ensure more comprehensive rehabilitation and supervision. This approach involves collaboration with educational institutions, psychological support, and social services to foster law-abiding behavior and successful reintegration of juveniles. By integrating these measures into criminal legislation, the goal is to achieve a more effective response to juvenile crime, promote rehabilitation, and prevent future offenses, thereby enhancing the overall juvenile justice system
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Law (Ordinance) 'On Juvenile Offenders' of February 2, 1945, No. 45-174.
- Shaftstein F., Boike V. Juvenile Criminal Law. 13th ed. - Stuttgart; Berlin; Cologne: Kohlhammer, 1998. - p. 1.
- Law on the New Regulation of the Rights of Children and Youth — Jugendgerichtsgesetz (JGG), amended December 11, 1974.
- Bakhvalova L. A. Features of Criminal Responsibility for Minors in the Criminal Law of Russia and Germany. Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences. - Moscow, 2012. - p. 7.
- Ostendorf G. Juvenile and Youth Criminal Law in Discussion // Journal of Legal Policy. - 2000. - No. 3. - p. 103.
- UNODC, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime: Model Law and Related Commentary, 2009
- Research and Selection of the Most Effective Juvenile Restorative Justice Practices in Europe: Snapshots from 28 EU Member States. European research on restorative juvenile justice, 2015. Б.71.
- Juvenile Justice: International Perspectives, Models, and Trends//Edited by John A. Winterdyk, 2015-406р.
- Juvenile Justice: International Perspectives, Models, and Trends//Edited by John A. Winterdyk, 2015-406р.
- Kolomytsieva, Victoria Viktorovna. "Stages of the Development of Mediation in Foreign Countries." Vestnik of TGU. 2013, No. 2 (118). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/etapy-stanovleniya-mediatsii-v-zarubezhnyh-stranah (accessed: July 17, 2024).
- N. V. "Concept, Principles, and Forms of Restorative Justice." Vestnik of Perm University. Legal Sciences. 2012, No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ponyatie-printsipy-i-formy-vosstanovitelnogo-pravosudiya (accessed: July 17, 2024).
- Kuhlman, A., Kuring, H. "Restorative Justice as an Alternative to Criminal Punishments – Lessons from History." Current Issues in Economics and Law. 2016, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 127.
- Ingrid Van Welzenis. "Guidelines for the Pilot Project on ‘Restorative Justice Approaches or Alternatives to the Traditional Judicial System’ in the Chilonzor District of Tashkent City." 2019. UNICEF, p. 26.
- Compilation of Standards and Norms of the United Nations in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. UN, New York, 2016, p. 106.
- Irsaliev, A. "Characteristics of Handling Juvenile Criminal Cases in the First Instance Court." 12.00.09 - Criminal Procedure, Criminology, and Operational Search Law; Forensic Expertise. Abstract of Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences - Tashkent: Tashkent State University of Law, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2002, p. 25.
- Henham, R. "Sentencing: Time for a Paradigm Shift." London, New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 69.
- Kholikulov, U.Sh. "Issues of Sentencing Juveniles under the Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan." 12.00.08 - Criminal Law and Criminology; Criminal-Executive Law. Abstract of Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences - Tashkent: Tashkent State University of Law, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2006, p.
- Committee on the Rights of the Child. General Comment No. 10 (2007) "Children's Rights in Juvenile Justice" // Human Rights: International Legal Documents and Their Application. In 4 vols. Vol. 1 / Ed. E.V. Kuznetsov. – Minsk: Amalthea, 2009. – 816 p.
- Yarmots, E. N. Concept and Institutionalization of Juvenile Justice // Improving the Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus through the Development of Court Specialization: Collection of Scientific Papers / Ed. A. V. Barkov (chief ed.) [et al.]. – Minsk: Four Quarters Publishing House, 2013. – pp. 20–37.
- Yarmots, E. N. Judicial Forms of Organizing Juvenile Justice: Foreign and National Experience / E. N. Yarmots // Specialization in the Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus: Textbook and Methodological Manual. In 2 Volumes. Vol. 1. Specialization in General Courts of the Republic of Belarus / Ed. V. P. Moroz (chief ed.) [et al.]. – Minsk: Four Quarters Publishing House, 2013. – pp. 71–88.
- Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on "Measures for the Radical Improvement of Criminal-Executive Legislation," No. PQ-4006 dated November 7, 2018.
- Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic: Implemented by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 126, dated October 28, 2021.
- Decision No. 339 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 3, 2021: "On Approving the Regulation on the Appointment of Public Educators for Minors."
- O. Note on the Creation of the Federal Probation Service in the Russian Federation. http://vtt.net.ru/node/27
- Voronova, E. L. Creation of a Probation Service for Juveniles in Russia // Penitentiary Science. 2011. No. 13. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sozdanie-sluzhby-probatsii-dlya-nesovershennoletnih-v-rossii (accessed: June 21, 2024).
- (As amended by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 126 dated October 28, 2021) https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/111517/edition/1103351/ru
- Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional Measures for the Effective Organization of the Probation Service Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies, No. 84 dated February 14, 2020
References
Law (Ordinance) 'On Juvenile Offenders' of February 2, 1945, No. 45-174.
Shaftstein F., Boike V. Juvenile Criminal Law. 13th ed. - Stuttgart; Berlin; Cologne: Kohlhammer, 1998. - p. 1.
Law on the New Regulation of the Rights of Children and Youth — Jugendgerichtsgesetz (JGG), amended December 11, 1974.
Bakhvalova L. A. Features of Criminal Responsibility for Minors in the Criminal Law of Russia and Germany. Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences. - Moscow, 2012. - p. 7.
Ostendorf G. Juvenile and Youth Criminal Law in Discussion // Journal of Legal Policy. - 2000. - No. 3. - p. 103.
UNODC, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime: Model Law and Related Commentary, 2009
Research and Selection of the Most Effective Juvenile Restorative Justice Practices in Europe: Snapshots from 28 EU Member States. European research on restorative juvenile justice, 2015. Б.71.
Juvenile Justice: International Perspectives, Models, and Trends//Edited by John A. Winterdyk, 2015-406р.
Juvenile Justice: International Perspectives, Models, and Trends//Edited by John A. Winterdyk, 2015-406р.
Kolomytsieva, Victoria Viktorovna. "Stages of the Development of Mediation in Foreign Countries." Vestnik of TGU. 2013, No. 2 (118). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/etapy-stanovleniya-mediatsii-v-zarubezhnyh-stranah (accessed: July 17, 2024).
N. V. "Concept, Principles, and Forms of Restorative Justice." Vestnik of Perm University. Legal Sciences. 2012, No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ponyatie-printsipy-i-formy-vosstanovitelnogo-pravosudiya (accessed: July 17, 2024).
Kuhlman, A., Kuring, H. "Restorative Justice as an Alternative to Criminal Punishments – Lessons from History." Current Issues in Economics and Law. 2016, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 127.
Ingrid Van Welzenis. "Guidelines for the Pilot Project on ‘Restorative Justice Approaches or Alternatives to the Traditional Judicial System’ in the Chilonzor District of Tashkent City." 2019. UNICEF, p. 26.
Compilation of Standards and Norms of the United Nations in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. UN, New York, 2016, p. 106.
Irsaliev, A. "Characteristics of Handling Juvenile Criminal Cases in the First Instance Court." 12.00.09 - Criminal Procedure, Criminology, and Operational Search Law; Forensic Expertise. Abstract of Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences - Tashkent: Tashkent State University of Law, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2002, p. 25.
Henham, R. "Sentencing: Time for a Paradigm Shift." London, New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 69.
Kholikulov, U.Sh. "Issues of Sentencing Juveniles under the Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan." 12.00.08 - Criminal Law and Criminology; Criminal-Executive Law. Abstract of Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Legal Sciences - Tashkent: Tashkent State University of Law, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2006, p.
Committee on the Rights of the Child. General Comment No. 10 (2007) "Children's Rights in Juvenile Justice" // Human Rights: International Legal Documents and Their Application. In 4 vols. Vol. 1 / Ed. E.V. Kuznetsov. – Minsk: Amalthea, 2009. – 816 p.
Yarmots, E. N. Concept and Institutionalization of Juvenile Justice // Improving the Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus through the Development of Court Specialization: Collection of Scientific Papers / Ed. A. V. Barkov (chief ed.) [et al.]. – Minsk: Four Quarters Publishing House, 2013. – pp. 20–37.
Yarmots, E. N. Judicial Forms of Organizing Juvenile Justice: Foreign and National Experience / E. N. Yarmots // Specialization in the Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus: Textbook and Methodological Manual. In 2 Volumes. Vol. 1. Specialization in General Courts of the Republic of Belarus / Ed. V. P. Moroz (chief ed.) [et al.]. – Minsk: Four Quarters Publishing House, 2013. – pp. 71–88.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on "Measures for the Radical Improvement of Criminal-Executive Legislation," No. PQ-4006 dated November 7, 2018.
Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic: Implemented by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 126, dated October 28, 2021.
Decision No. 339 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 3, 2021: "On Approving the Regulation on the Appointment of Public Educators for Minors."
O. Note on the Creation of the Federal Probation Service in the Russian Federation. http://vtt.net.ru/node/27
Voronova, E. L. Creation of a Probation Service for Juveniles in Russia // Penitentiary Science. 2011. No. 13. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sozdanie-sluzhby-probatsii-dlya-nesovershennoletnih-v-rossii (accessed: June 21, 2024).
(As amended by the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 126 dated October 28, 2021) https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/111517/edition/1103351/ru
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional Measures for the Effective Organization of the Probation Service Activities of Internal Affairs Bodies, No. 84 dated February 14, 2020